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DevOps Roadmap — Part 11: Monitoring, Logging & Observability

Production system ka rule simple hai: “Agar tum dekh nahi sakte, to fix nahi kar sakte.”

Monitoring aur logging DevOps ka backbone hai. Yahi decide karta hai ki tum real engineer ho ya sirf deployer.

Why Monitoring Is Mandatory

Production me ye sawal important hote hain:

• Server alive hai ya nahi?
• CPU / RAM overload to nahi?
• App slow kyu ho rahi hai?

Monitoring bina system andha hota hai.

Three Pillars of Observability

• Metrics – numbers (CPU, RAM, latency)
• Logs – events & errors
• Traces – request ka full journey

DevOps engineer ko teeno samajhne chahiye.

Monitoring Tools (Industry Standard)

• Prometheus – metrics collection
• Grafana – visualization & dashboards
• CloudWatch / Azure Monitor – cloud native

Prometheus + Grafana combo almost everywhere use hota hai.

Basic Monitoring Example

Linux system check:

uptime

top

Ye basic cheezein interview me bhi poochi jati hain.

What Is Logging?

Logs matlab system ka diary. Jo bhi hota hai — record hota hai.

• Error logs
• Access logs
• Application logs

Logs bina troubleshooting impossible hai.

Linux Logs You Must Know

/var/log/syslog

/var/log/auth.log

tail -f /var/log/syslog

Centralized Logging (Real World)

Production me logs alag-alag servers pe nahi rehte.

Common stack:

• ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
• EFK (Fluentd instead of Logstash)

One dashboard → all logs.

Alerts — Sabse Important Part

Monitoring bina alert useless hai.

Alert ka matlab:

• CPU 90% se upar
• Disk full hone wala
• App down

Alert email, Slack, SMS pe aata hai.

Common Beginner Mistakes

• Sirf dashboards banana, alerts nahi
• Too many alerts (alert fatigue)
• Logs rotate na karna

Smart monitoring silent rehta hai jab sab sahi ho.

Interview Reality

Interviewer poochta hai:

• App slow hai, tum kya check karoge?
• Error aa raha hai, kaunsa log dekhega?

Yaha DevOps engineer shine karta hai.

What Comes Next?

Ab tumhe DevOps ke saare tools ka idea hai.

Final part me hum banayenge: Complete DevOps Engineer Roadmap — beginner se job-ready tak.